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Inclusion Rating
Non-metallic inclusions can disrupt the continuity and integrity of a metal matrix, leading to concentrated stress areas, reduced mechanical properties, and potential early failure. The effectiveness of these inclusions is influenced by their size, shape, distribution, and aggregation. Evaluating the quantity and distribution of inclusions is essential for assessing the quality of steel. Accurate evaluation and recognition of non-metallic inclusions are critical skills for metallographic testers. OMSPL Lab, an accredited third-party testing facility, offers inclusion rating analysis and testing for steel in compliance with ISO, ASTM, and other standards. For expert advice, please contact our team.
OMSPL offers comprehensive inclusion grading services, including:
- Oxides: FeO, Fe₂O₃, MnO, SiO₂, Al₂O₃, MgO, Cu₂O, and others.
- Sulfides: FeS, MnS, CaS, among others.
- Silicates: 2FeO·SiO₂, 2MnO·SiO₂, CaO·SiO₂, etc.
- Nitrides: TiN, ZrN, VN, and similar compounds.
The identification methods of inclusions we provide include:
- Micro-Area Analysis :Unidentified inclusions from metallographic observations are analyzed using Electron Probe Micro-analyzer (EPMA) or Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) with Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDS). This method identifies and characterizes inclusions larger than 1 µm, providing detailed elemental composition and distribution.
- Optical Metallographic Method :Under an optical microscope, inclusions are examined for color, shape, size, and distribution. The type of inclusion is determined based on its appearance in dark field and polarized light, helping to assess its impact on the steel's properties and classify its grade accordingly.